![]() ![]() Though it was first displayed within the context of an art exhibit, the film is now available on YouTube. ![]() Similarly concerning, deepfakes will generate different reactions depending on the context in which they’re viewed. Truth decay benefits no one but demagogues and anarchists. It should concern all of us, no matter our political affiliation. One can only imagine how neo-Confederates and neo-Nazis might attempt to revise the historical record with help from deepfakes. More recently, studies have shown that white supremacists routinely co-opt and misrepresent research on genetic genealogy to suit their racist worldviews. Consider the fraudulent Protocols of the Elders of Zion, which has f ueled anti-Semitism for more than a century despite its clearly fabricated origins. After all, malicious actors have long proved willing to mischaracterize the historical record in service of ideology. In other words, we could design lesson plans and assignments to match the medium, in much the same way many teachers now ask students to create memes, Twitter threads, and unessays about the course material.Įven so, the preponderance of evidence suggests that there are legitimate reasons for concern. They could stage well-sourced debates between historical figures from different eras. Students could research and write historically informed scripts, which they then use to animate different historical figures. Some researchers believe that historians will ultimately find deepfakes to be useful, even benevolent.Īs a teacher, I can see how historians might use apps like Deep Nostalgia to great effect. A related website includes teaching resources that helps viewers learn more about media literacy. For example, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced an award-winning short film in 2019 called “ In Event of Moon Disaster,” which featured a deepfake version of President Nixon seated at his desk, solemnly informing the nation that the Apollo 11 astronauts had perished on the moon. Others have leveraged deepfakes to explore alternate histories. Legal experts Danielle Citron and Robert Chesney have heralded their pedagogical potential, insisting that deepfakes might liven up otherwise boring history lectures. Some researchers believe that historians will ultimately find deepfakes to be useful, even benevolent. It is not yet clear how deepfakes will influence the historical discipline, but opinions run the gamut. Perhaps you’ve seen the video that shows Bill Hader morphing into Arnold Schwarzenegger, or the one that places Will Smith’s face on Cardi B’s body. In the years since, several other deepfakes have also gone viral. Acting as an invisible marionette, Peele used the Obama avatar to caution viewers about the potential dangers of deepfakes. The video appeared to show Barack Obama saying, “Donald Trump is a total and complete dipshit.” In fact, the video was an effective PSA from director Jordan Peele about the dangers of deepfakes. The first deepfake to gain widespread attention was released in 2018. ![]() The living portraits produced by Deep Nostalgia are relatively shoddy, and thus qualify as “ cheapfakes,” but the most advanced deepfakes are difficult if not impossible to detect with the naked eye. Some videos seamlessly transplant one person’s face onto another person’s body, while others create an entire person from scratch. Generally speaking, a deepfake is a video that has been altered using machine-learning algorithms to show hyper-realistic people saying and doing things that they never said or did. Deep Nostalgiaĭeep Nostalgia is just one example of the “deepfakes” to be found online. With Deep Nostalgia, users can animate images of loved ones, ancestors, and notable figures like Abraham Lincoln. ![]()
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